Visitation provides the non-custodial parent with time to spend with the child, according to a schedule agreed upon by the parents or determined by the court. In custody cases, Virginia courts may award:

• Physical Custody to one parent, and
• Visitation (parenting time) to the non-custodial parent.

Virginia recognizes several types of visitation arrangements:

• Fixed Visitation Schedule – A set schedule that outlines specific days and times (e.g., every other weekend, holidays, summer vacations). This helps reduce conflict and confusion.
• Reasonable Visitation – A more flexible arrangement that allows parents to coordinate visitation times themselves. This requires strong communication and cooperation.
• Supervised Visitation – When the court has concerns about a child’s safety, visits may occur under the supervision of a third party or agency. This may apply in cases involving abuse, neglect, or substance abuse.

Virginia courts base their visitation decisions on the best interests of the child. Factors considered include:

• The child’s age, physical and emotional needs
• Each parent’s role in the child’s life
• The relationship between the child and each parent
• The willingness of each parent to foster a relationship with the other
• Any history of domestic violence, abuse, or neglect
• The child’s preference (if of sufficient age and maturity)

Yes. If circumstances such as relocation, a change in the child’s needs, or parental misconduct occur then either parent can request a modification of the visitation order. You must demonstrate a material change in circumstances and prove that the proposed changes are in the child’s best interests.

Courts in Virginia take visitation violations seriously and can impose penalties or modify custody if a parent continually blocks access. If one parent refuses to comply with a court-ordered visitation schedule, legal remedies are available you may:

• File a motion for enforcement
• Request make-up visitation
• Petition for contempt of court

In some cases, grandparents or stepparents may seek visitation rights. Virginia law allows this if it can be shown that the visitation is in the best interest of the child and that denying visitation would be harmful to the child’s welfare